{"id":734,"date":"2020-04-21T10:37:03","date_gmt":"2020-04-21T05:07:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.potentialloops.org\/?p=734"},"modified":"2020-04-21T10:37:04","modified_gmt":"2020-04-21T05:07:04","slug":"researchers-achieve-remote-control-of-hormone-release","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.potentialloops.org\/?p=734","title":{"rendered":"Researchers achieve remote control of hormone release"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Date: April 17, 2020 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source 1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source 2: www.sciencedaily.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summary: Using magnetic nanoparticles, scientists stimulate the adrenal gland in rodents to control release of hormones linked to stress. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Image Source: Sciencedaily.com<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abnormal levels of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol are linked to a variety of mental health disorders, including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MIT researchers have now devised a way to remotely control the release of these hormones from the adrenal gland, using magnetic nanoparticles. <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

This approach could help scientists to learn more about how hormone \nrelease influences mental health, and could eventually offer a new way \nto treat hormone-linked disorders, the researchers say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“We’re looking how can we study and eventually treat stress disorders\n by modulating peripheral organ function, rather than doing something \nhighly invasive in the central nervous system,” says Polina Anikeeva, an\n MIT professor of materials science and engineering and of brain and \ncognitive sciences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To achieve control over hormone release, Dekel Rosenfeld, an \nMIT-Technion postdoc in Anikeeva’s group, has developed specialized \nmagnetic nanoparticles that can be injected into the adrenal gland. When\n exposed to a weak magnetic field, the particles heat up slightly, \nactivating heat-responsive channels that trigger hormone release. This \ntechnique can be used to stimulate an organ deep in the body with \nminimal invasiveness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anikeeva and Alik Widge, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the \nUniversity of Minnesota and a former research fellow at MIT’s Picower \nInstitute for Learning and Memory, are the senior authors of the study. \nRosenfeld is the lead author of the paper, which appears today in Science Advances<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Controlling hormones<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anikeeva’s lab has previously devised several novel magnetic \nnanomaterials, including particles that can release drugs at precise \ntimes in specific locations in the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the new study, the research team wanted to explore the idea of \ntreating disorders of the brain by manipulating organs that are outside \nthe central nervous system but influence it through hormone release. One\n well-known example is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, \nwhich regulates stress response in mammals. Hormones secreted by the \nadrenal gland, including cortisol and adrenaline, play important roles \nin depression, stress, and anxiety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Some disorders that we consider neurological may be treatable from \nthe periphery, if we can learn to modulate those local circuits rather \nthan going back to the global circuits in the central nervous system,” \nsays Anikeeva, who is a member of MIT’s Research Laboratory of \nElectronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a target to stimulate hormone release, the researchers decided on \nion channels that control the flow of calcium into adrenal cells. Those \nion channels can be activated by a variety of stimuli, including heat. \nWhen calcium flows through the open channels into adrenal cells, the \ncells begin pumping out hormones. “If we want to modulate the release of\n those hormones, we need to be able to essentially modulate the influx \nof calcium into adrenal cells,” Rosenfeld says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike previous research in Anikeeva’s group, in this study \nmagnetothermal stimulation was applied to modulate the function of cells\n without artificially introducing any genes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To stimulate these heat-sensitive channels, which naturally occur in \nadrenal cells, the researchers designed nanoparticles made of magnetite,\n a type of iron oxide that forms tiny magnetic crystals about 1\/5000 the\n thickness of a human hair. In rats, they found these particles could be\n injected directly into the adrenal glands and remain there for at least\n six months. When the rats were exposed to a weak magnetic field — \nabout 50 millitesla, 100 times weaker than the fields used for magnetic \nresonance imaging (MRI) — the particles heated up by about 6 degrees \nCelsius, enough to trigger the calcium channels to open without damaging\n any surrounding tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The heat-sensitive channel that they targeted, known as TRPV1, is \nfound in many sensory neurons throughout the body, including pain \nreceptors. TRPV1 channels can be activated by capsaicin, the organic \ncompound that gives chili peppers their heat, as well as by temperature.\n They are found across mammalian species, and belong to a family of many\n other channels that are also sensitive to heat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This stimulation triggered a hormone rush — doubling cortisol \nproduction and boosting noradrenaline by about 25 percent. That led to a\n measurable increase in the animals’ heart rates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Treating stress and pain<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers now plan to use this approach to study how hormone \nrelease affects PTSD and other disorders, and they say that eventually \nit could be adapted for treating such disorders. This method would offer\n a much less invasive alternative to potential treatments that involve \nimplanting a medical device to electrically stimulate hormone release, \nwhich is not feasible in organs such as the adrenal glands that are soft\n and highly vascularized, the researchers say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another area where this strategy could hold promise is in the \ntreatment of pain, because heat-sensitive ion channels are often found \nin pain receptors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Being able to modulate pain receptors with this technique \npotentially will allow us to study pain, control pain, and have some \nclinical applications in the future, which hopefully may offer an \nalternative to medications or implants for chronic pain,” Anikeeva says.\n With further investigation of the existence of TRPV1 in other organs, \nthe technique can potentially be extended to other peripheral organs \nsuch as the digestive system and the pancreas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The research was funded by the U.S. Defense Advance Research Projects\n Agency ElectRx Program, a Bose Research Grant, the National Institutes\n of Health BRAIN Initiative, and a MIT-Technion fellowship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Story Source:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Materials<\/a> provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/strong><\/a>. Original written by Anne Trafton. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

www.sciencedaily.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Journal Reference<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Dekel Rosenfeld, Alexander W. Senko, Junsang Moon, Isabel Yick, \nGeorgios Varnavides, Danijela Gregure\u0107, Florian Koehler, Po-Han Chiang, \nMichael G. Christiansen, Lisa Y. Maeng, Alik S. Widge, Polina Anikeeva. Transgene-free remote magnetothermal regulation of adrenal hormones<\/strong>. Science Advances<\/em>, 2020; 6 (15): eaaz3734 DOI: 10.1126\/sciadv.aaz3734<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Date: April 17, 2020 Source 1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Source 2: www.sciencedaily.com Summary: Using magnetic nanoparticles, scientists stimulate the adrenal gland in rodents to control release of hormones linked to stress. Abnormal levels of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol are linked to a variety of mental health disorders, including depression and posttraumatic […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[48,46,33,49,40,47],"class_list":["post-734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-coronavirus","tag-cells-regeneration","tag-implementation","tag-journals","tag-life-science","tag-research","tag-stress"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nResearchers achieve remote control of hormone release -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.potentialloops.org\/?p=734\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Researchers achieve remote control of hormone release -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Date: April 17, 2020 Source 1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Source 2: www.sciencedaily.com Summary: Using magnetic nanoparticles, scientists stimulate the adrenal gland in rodents to control release of hormones linked to stress. 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